2021年6月CATTI一笔经验贴

​​

我第一次考了58，第二次61，所以大家如果一次没过，多考几次就过了。个人认为，CATTI比翻译比赛划算，比赛只有少数人拿奖，证书就是实实在在国家认证的，而且一笔全国通过率7%-8%，含金量高，对找工作也有用，简历上如果有一笔，就很能提升竞争力。之前太忙，没时间写经验贴，现在有空了，就跟大家分享下。近两年一笔的备考资源多了起来，大家可以在微信、微博里搜回忆版真题、经验贴。（对了，考国科大的学弟学妹可以加入qq考研群1045281381，里边很多备考资源，比如经验贴、往年真题、报录比等。）

 

一笔我是半裸考，因为学校平时的笔译课作业比一笔还难，每次我都认真思考，算是很好地锻炼了笔译能力。而且一直遵循李长栓老师提出的CEA框架，这个框架除了用来写翻译实践报告，还可以指导翻译实践，其实这一框架本来也是来自实践，其实体现了“翻译即写作”（李长栓、陈达遵，2014:3）的理念。翻译练习过程中以及对照参考译文修改过程中，一定要关注理解、表达、变通，问自己理解上是否准确，表达上是否准确反应了所理解的内容，是否通顺地道（既然到一笔了，能否用词更精准、形象、多样），是否需要变通（CATTI考试里需要变通的空间一般不大）。这样下来，翻译练了，审校其实也练了，因为如果你按上述的习惯、理念练笔译，让你去评价或者给译文挑错的时候就没问题了，你只需要熟悉下审校的题型，找找感觉。

 

一笔的题型是一篇EC，一篇CE，一篇EC审校，一篇CE审校。20年11月的EC是书评，用词很讲究，挺难的。21年6月的两篇翻译难度降下来了，跟二笔差不多，但要翻译得更好、更细致；审校一直都是容易失分的地方，因为错误很隐匿。具体如下：

 

英译汉（回忆版试题在文末）

这篇EC有关social distancing，理解和表达都不难，但难在如何把有些短语翻译得符合汉语表达习惯，比如contact tracing是密接追踪或者密接排查，你看到中文知道“密接追踪”知道是啥意思，但是看到英文contact tracing能不能想到中文这个说法呢？再比如school closures译成“学校关闭”就不太地道，停学、封校可能更合适，而这两个表达也是平时经常听到的。类似的还可以思考wholesale stay-at-home orders是“批发待在家里命令”还是“全面居家规定”？

​

​汉译英（回忆版试题在文末）

​这篇CE有关中小学教师减负，有难度，主要是里边有很多政策性话语，这意味着有三个难点。​一是用语比较凝练，四字格多，如创优评先、教书育人、立德树人；​二是存在“弱势动词+核心信息+范畴词”结构（如“存在……的问题”、“落实……等工作”、“树立……理念”）、加强词（大力、着力、切实）等冗余信息，至于如何处理，《中式英语之鉴》或者李长栓的《非文学翻译理论与实践》都有详细谈到，要注意，两本书都指出，不是说遇到这些冗余信息一定就删去，要综合考虑，有时候删去，有时候保留，有时候通过变换表达方式解决，比如“大力”，出现很多次的话，翻译时可以用不同的表达，就不会显得重复；​三是有些内容是有习惯译法的，如《xxx意见》；四要注意表达多样性，比如原文反复出现“减轻负担”、“一系列政策措施”，最好不要总用reduce the burden或者a series of policies, 可以根据语境换换，a host/package/wide range of。

​

​审校

​每篇需要找出10处错误，每处给两个空，一个空指出哪里错了，一个空给出修改意见。审校题过了太久，记不清了，只记得CE里有个“逆行者”翻成了hero in harmful way，要改成hero in harm's way, “物联网”翻成了Internet of Objects，改成Internet of Things，这些大家都很熟悉，但有人就是没看出来。EC审校我记得的错误有de-localization在同一段出现两次，第一次译成“去本土化”，第二次译成“本土化”，所以错误是不是很明显，出题人在送分哈哈哈。还有Market sentiment has improved in recent weeks as trade tensions between China and the US have de-escalated, while the US labour market has again outperformed expectations这句里as从句是跟前边那句一起的，译文把这句放到while从句那里一起了，修饰关系搞错了。11月的一笔有个George VI，译成了乔治四世，应该是六世对吧。除了以上的错误类型，还有各种错误，需要仔细寻找。

​​

​回忆版试题：

​英译汉

“Social distancing” is, in fact, an umbrella term that comprises several very complex interventions for keeping healthy people spaced apart from anyone who could be infectious. Measures range from telling people to avoid crowds to issuing wholesale stay-at-home orders, with just about endless variations and possible combinations. Each of these may work to differing degrees, and they come with varying social and economic costs. When we ask whether social distancing “works,” we’re collapsing all these boundaries.

 

In general, once it’s clear the spread of a new virus as dangerous as this one has not been contained by testing and contact tracing, and for which there isn’t any treatment or vaccine, more drastic forms of social distancing are the only options left to slow it down. But the body of knowledge about social distancing in all its forms is changing rapidly in real time, as the pandemic brings a blizzard of new data, research, and analysis. Say anything on some subjects, and there’s quite a good chance it could be out of date in hours, if not minutes.

 

First, on the question of large gatherings, and the degree to which their prohibition slows viral spread. Covid-19 outbreaks appear to have spiraled out from large religious meetings both in South Korea and in France, each resulting in thousands of infections. A soccer match was at the epicenter of Italy’s devastating wave. Avoiding crowded living conditions, though, isn’t always feasible.

 

What about travel restrictions? A systematic review of research on their deployment to prevent the spread of influenza looked at 20 studies conducted through May 2014. The link between travel and contagion appeared to be significant: When there was more travel, for example around Thanksgiving, more people got influenza; in contrast, when air travel decreased after 9/11, the rate of influenza decreased. Taken together, the studies suggest that domestic travel restrictions can delay influenza outbreaks for about a week; while international border closures may extend that window to 2 months.

​

Data from the Covid-19 pandemic might change the balance of evidence here. Restricting travel from Wuhan around Chinese Lunar New Year was seen as a success in helping to stop the spread of the coronavirus across China. A modeling study based on Wuhan data concluded that if international travel restrictions were combined with contact tracing and quarantine, it might be possible to keep the disease under control. Several countries may try to last the distance to a vaccine this way. Australia and New Zealand, for example, may allow cross-border travel only within their shared bubble of well-controlled infection rates; and perhaps to other countries in the region, too, if they become and stay Covid-19-free.The question of school closures has been especially contentious, given the major social costs of the intervention.

 

汉译英

日前，《关于减轻中小学教师负担进一步营造教育教学良好环境的若干意见》发布。党和国家高度重视教育工作，出台一系列措施切实减轻中小学教师负担。党和国家高度重视教师工作，在落实教育优先发展战略进程中，坚持把教师队伍建设作为基础工作来抓，在倡导全社会尊师重教、推进教师管理体制机制改革、落实教师待遇保障等方面采取了一系列政策举措，取得显著成效。

 

目前教师特别是中小学教师还存在负担较重的问题，主要表现是：各种督查检查评比考核等事项名目多、频率高；各类调研、统计、信息采集等活动交叉重复；一些地方和部门在落实安全稳定、扫黑除恶、创优评先等工作时，经常向学校和教师摊派任务。这极大地干扰了学校正常的教育教学秩序，给教师增加了额外负担。对此，必须牢固树立教师的天职是教书育人的理念，切实减少对中小学校和教师不必要的干扰。

 

我们要遵循教育教学规律，聚焦教师立德树人、教书育人主责主业。大幅精简文件和会议；严格清理规范与中小学教育教学无关事项；协调好学校管理与教育教学关系。要减掉的中小学教师不应该承担的与教育教学无关的事项；要减督查检查评比考核事项；要减社会事务进校园，对城市创优评先任务，原则上不得学校停课或出人；要减报表填写工作。切实减轻中小学教师负担，进一步营造宽松、宁静的教育教学环境和校园氛围，确保中小学教师潜心教书、静心育人。

​

​参考文献

​李长栓、陈达遵，2014，《联合国文件翻译教程》，北京：中译出版社。

 ​​​​